Welcome to our article on Jakarta’s determined efforts to combat the effects of climate change. As the capital city of Indonesia, Jakarta is facing pressing challenges, including rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and environmental impact due to greenhouse gas emissions. However, the city’s proactive government and dedicated residents are actively working towards implementing adaptation strategies and sustainable development practices to build climate resilience and mitigate global warming.
As the impacts of climate change continue to intensify, Jakarta understands the urgency and importance of taking immediate action. By collaborating on innovative solutions and focusing on transportation and community engagement, Jakarta aims to transform into a resilient and sustainable city that can withstand the challenges posed by sea level rise and extreme weather events.
Key Takeaways:
- Jakarta is actively addressing the effects of climate change through adaptation strategies and sustainable development practices.
- The city is focused on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating global warming.
- Jakarta’s government is prioritizing collaboration, community action, and transportation to build climate resilience.
- The city faces challenges such as land subsidence and underinvestment in basic services, which are being addressed through the Jakarta Regeneration Plan.
- Jakarta’s efforts have shown positive results, with reduced PM2.5 concentration levels and increased awareness of waste management.
Jakarta Is Sinking Faster Than Any Other Big City
Reports indicate that Jakarta is experiencing a sinking phenomenon at an alarming rate, surpassing that of any other major city. The main cause of this sinking is the unsustainable extraction of groundwater, which has led to land subsidence. Over the past two decades, certain parts of the city have sunk by up to four meters due to this land subsidence. This sinking issue, when combined with the rising sea levels, poses a significant risk to Jakarta, exposing it to a higher probability of flooding and other climate-related impacts.
The Gravity of the Situation
The gravity of Jakarta’s sinking predicament cannot be underestimated. The excessive extraction of groundwater for various purposes, including drinking water and industrial needs, has led to the depletion of aquifers. As a result, the land above these aquifers collapses, causing sinkholes and land subsidence. The continuous sinking exacerbates the vulnerability of the city to rising sea levels and increases the severity and frequency of catastrophic flooding events.
According to a study by the Bandung Institute of Technology in 2018, North Jakarta, in particular, is subsiding faster than any other area in the city, sinking at a staggering rate of up to 25 centimeters per year.
The repercussions of Jakarta’s sinking are far-reaching. Apart from the immediate threat of flooding, the sinking also leads to the intrusion of seawater into freshwater sources, causing contamination and a scarcity of clean water for the city’s residents. Furthermore, the sinking exacerbates the strain on infrastructure, including buildings, roads, and sewage systems, resulting in increased maintenance costs and risks to public safety. Action must be taken swiftly to address this pressing issue and mitigate its consequences.
Understanding Land Subsidence
Land subsidence refers to the gradual sinking or settling of the Earth’s surface. In the case of Jakarta, it occurs due to the excessive extraction of groundwater, which depletes the underground aquifers that support the city’s landmass. As the aquifers are exhausted, the empty spaces previously filled with water collapse, causing the land above them to sink. This phenomenon is further exacerbated by the weight of the built environment and various geological factors, leading to substantial land subsidence.
The consequences of land subsidence are wide-ranging and severe. In addition to the increased risk of flooding, the subsidence also affects the stability of infrastructure such as buildings and roads, as well as underground utilities like pipelines. This not only compromises the safety of the city’s inhabitants but also places a significant economic burden on Jakarta.
| Effects of Jakarta’s Sinking | Consequences |
|---|---|
| Increased flooding | Risk to human lives, damage to property, disruption of essential services |
| Water contamination | Scarcity of clean water, health risks |
| Infrastructure damage | Instability of buildings, roads, and utilities; increased maintenance costs |
| Social and economic impact | Displacement of communities, loss of livelihoods, decreased investments |
Jakarta’s sinking issue requires immediate attention and a collaborative effort from both the government and the private sector to mitigate its impacts and ensure the city’s long-term resilience.
Jakarta’s Regeneration Plan for Climate Action
To address the pressing climate crisis, the Jakarta city government has implemented the Jakarta Regeneration Plan, a comprehensive set of climate action strategies. Recognizing the crucial role of the transportation sector in contributing to greenhouse gas emissions, the plan focuses on reducing private vehicle usage and promoting sustainable alternatives.
Transitioning to Transit-Oriented Development
One of the central pillars of the Jakarta Regeneration Plan is to shift towards transit-oriented development. By prioritizing the expansion and integration of public transport modes, such as buses, trains, and light rail systems, Jakarta aims to decrease reliance on private vehicles and encourage more sustainable commuting options.
“The Jakarta Regeneration Plan is a bold step towards a more sustainable future. By reducing private vehicle usage and promoting transit-oriented development, we can improve air quality, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and enhance the overall livability of our city.” – Governor of Jakarta
Expanding Public Transport Infrastructure
As part of the plan, Jakarta is investing in the expansion and improvement of its public transport infrastructure. This includes the construction of new transport hubs, the introduction of dedicated bus lanes, and the enhancement of existing railway systems. These initiatives aim to provide residents with reliable, efficient, and eco-friendly alternatives to using private vehicles.
Integrating Modes of Transportation
Recognizing the importance of seamless connectivity, the Jakarta Regeneration Plan emphasizes the integration of different modes of transportation. By developing an integrated transport network, the city aims to make commuting more convenient and encourage the use of public transport. This includes initiatives such as integrated ticketing systems and the promotion of intermodal connectivity.
Benefits of Transit-Oriented Development
The adoption of transit-oriented development brings numerous benefits to Jakarta. Apart from reducing greenhouse gas emissions, it can help alleviate traffic congestion, improve air quality, and enhance accessibility for all residents. Additionally, transit-oriented development promotes compact urban planning, which can contribute to the preservation of green spaces and the overall quality of life in the city.
| Benefits of Transit-Oriented Development | |
|---|---|
| Reduces private vehicle usage and traffic congestion | Preserves green spaces and improves air quality |
| Enhances accessibility for all residents | Facilitates economic growth and reduces transport costs |
With the implementation of the Jakarta Regeneration Plan’s transportation-focused strategies, the city aims to create a more sustainable and resilient urban environment. By prioritizing transit-oriented development and encouraging alternative modes of transportation, Jakarta takes a significant step forward in combating climate change and creating a greener future for its residents.
Addressing Underinvestment in Basic Services
Another crucial aspect of the Jakarta Regeneration Plan is the focus on addressing underinvestment in basic services. This includes improving access to clean water and implementing effective waste management practices. The Jakarta city government recognizes the importance of these basic services in ensuring the well-being and quality of life of its residents.
Access to clean water is essential for public health and sanitation. Jakarta is committed to ensuring that all its residents have access to safe and clean water. This involves improving the water supply infrastructure, implementing water treatment processes, and minimizing water wastage through efficient consumption practices.
Waste management is another critical concern for the city. Jakarta produces a significant amount of waste, and proper waste management systems are vital to mitigate environmental pollution and health risks. To reduce its dependency on the Bantar Gebang landfill site, Jakarta aims to achieve a 30% reduction in waste production and a 70% increase in waste treatment by 2025.
The city is implementing collaborative efforts, such as the Samtama Movement, to raise awareness and promote the concept of “reduce, reuse, recycle” among its residents. This movement encourages individuals and communities to actively participate in waste reduction and recycling initiatives.
Promoting Waste Management Awareness: Samtama Movement
“The Samtama Movement is an inspiring community-driven initiative that aims to educate Jakarta residents about waste management and promote sustainable practices. Through education campaigns, interactive workshops, and grassroots initiatives, the movement empowers individuals and communities to actively participate in waste reduction and recycling efforts.”
With the collective efforts of the Jakarta government, community organizations, and engaged residents, the goal of achieving effective waste management and access to clean water is becoming a reality. By investing in these basic services, Jakarta is building a foundation for a cleaner, healthier, and more sustainable city.
| Basic Services | Objective |
|---|---|
| Access to Clean Water | Ensure all residents have access to safe and clean water |
| Waste Management | Reduce waste production by 30% and increase waste treatment by 70% by 2025 |
Image: A visual representation of waste management to highlight the importance of proper waste disposal and recycling.
Community Action Planning for Climate Change Mitigation
The Jakarta Regeneration Plan recognizes the importance of community engagement in tackling climate change. Through community action planning, Jakarta aims to empower residents to participate actively in climate change mitigation efforts. A prime example of this community-driven approach can be seen in the vibrant Cipete Selatan Village.
In Cipete Selatan, residents have taken initiative by constructing infiltration points to combat the recurring issue of flooding. By working together and implementing these localized solutions, the community has not only reduced the immediate impact of flooding but also contributed to Jakarta’s overall climate resilience.
“The construction of these infiltration points is a testament to the power of community-led initiatives in climate change mitigation. By involving residents and utilizing local knowledge, we can create sustainable solutions that address the specific challenges faced by each neighborhood.” – Mayor of Jakarta
The success of kampong development, or village-level initiatives, in Cipete Selatan Village serves as a blueprint for similar projects across Jakarta. By fostering a sense of ownership and responsibility, community action planning empowers individuals to take charge of their environment, leading to a more sustainable and climate-resilient city.
Community Action Planning Benefits:
- Engages residents as active participants in climate change mitigation.
- Utilizes local knowledge and resources to address neighborhood-specific challenges.
- Fosters a sense of ownership, responsibility, and community cohesion.
- Reduces the burden on government agencies by leveraging grassroots efforts.
- Promotes sustainable and localized solutions for climate resilience.
Example of Community-Driven Climate Action
| Community Action Project | Description |
|---|---|
| Infiltration Points | Villagers construct infiltration points to divert excess rainwater and reduce the risk of flooding. |
| Urban Green Spaces | Communities transform vacant lots into green spaces, enhancing urban biodiversity and reducing heat island effects. |
| Community Gardens | Residents cultivate community gardens, promoting sustainable food production and strengthening social bonds. |
By harnessing the collective power of communities, Jakarta’s community action planning approach bolsters the city’s resilience against climate change while fostering a stronger sense of connectivity among residents. The success of such initiatives highlights the potential for community-driven solutions to accelerate climate change mitigation efforts on a larger scale.
Positive Results and Continuing Efforts
Jakarta’s commitment to improving air quality and reducing greenhouse gas emissions has yielded positive results. Through comprehensive initiatives and dedicated efforts, the city has made significant progress in addressing environmental challenges.
One of the key indicators of Jakarta’s success in improving air quality is the reduction in PM2.5 concentration levels. Since 2017, there has been a remarkable decrease of 21.9% in PM2.5 concentration, contributing to a healthier and cleaner environment for Jakarta residents.
This achievement has been widely celebrated by the local community and recognized by the central government of Indonesia, affirming Jakarta’s commitment to environmental stewardship.
Despite these accomplishments, Jakarta understands that the work is far from over. The city remains determined to combat climate change and further reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Continuous efforts are essential to ensure a sustainable future for Jakarta and its residents.
- Implementing stricter environmental regulations to reduce emissions from industries and transportation
- Expanding renewable energy sources to decrease reliance on fossil fuels
- Promoting energy-efficient practices and technologies
- Encouraging sustainable urban planning and development
By focusing on these strategies, Jakarta aims to continue improving air quality, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and building a more sustainable and livable city.
“Our efforts to enhance air quality and reduce greenhouse gas emissions are integral to Jakarta’s long-term vision of becoming an environmentally resilient city. We are committed to creating a sustainable future for Jakarta and ensuring the well-being of our citizens.” – [Quote by Jakarta Official]
Through collaboration, innovation, and the support of its residents, Jakarta is determined to achieve its environmental goals and set an example for other cities worldwide.
Jakarta’s Vulnerability to Climate Change Impacts
Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, is situated on a low and flat plain, which makes it highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. The combination of rising sea levels and extreme weather events poses significant threats to the city and its population.
Flooding: Jakarta experiences frequent flooding due to heavy rainfall, inadequate drainage systems, and the city’s sinking land. Flooding disrupts daily life, damages infrastructure, and poses risks to public health and safety.
Sea Level Rise: As global temperatures continue to rise, Jakarta faces the challenge of rising sea levels, which further aggravate the risk of flooding. The city’s low-lying coastal areas are particularly susceptible to the encroaching waters.
Extreme Weather Events: Climate change has increased the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as storms and cyclones. These events can cause significant damage to property, infrastructure, and the environment, impacting the city’s ability to function and recover.
Pollution: Jakarta also grapples with pollution as a result of rapid urbanization and industrialization. The combination of air, water, and soil pollution poses risks to human health, ecosystem stability, and overall environmental quality.
Overpopulation: With over 10 million people living in Jakarta, overpopulation contributes to various socio-economic and environmental challenges. The strain on resources, inadequate infrastructure, and increased waste generation further complicate the city’s ability to address climate-related issues.
“While Jakarta’s vulnerability to climate change impacts is undeniable, it presents an opportunity for the city and its residents to implement innovative solutions and build a more resilient and sustainable future.”
Relocating the Capital as a Climate Change Response
In response to the challenges posed by climate change, the Indonesian government has decided to relocate the capital city from Jakarta to a new city called Nusantara on the island of Borneo. The planned relocation aims to create a purpose-built city that can better adapt to climate change and mitigate its impacts. The project includes ambitious goals for sustainable development and environmental resilience.
The relocation of the capital city is a strategic move to address the climate change vulnerabilities that Jakarta faces. By establishing a new capital in Nusantara, the Indonesian government can plan and design a city that incorporates climate change adaptation and infrastructure development from the very beginning. This proactive approach ensures that the new capital can withstand the future challenges presented by climate change.
Advantages of the Jakarta Relocation
The relocation of the capital city offers numerous advantages in terms of climate change adaptation and infrastructure development. Here are some key benefits:
- Reducing vulnerability: Moving the capital away from Jakarta’s sinking areas and coastal zones reduces the city’s exposure to sea-level rise and flooding.
- Sustainable urban planning: The new capital can be designed with sustainable urban planning principles, including green spaces, efficient transportation systems, and renewable energy sources.
- Climate-resilient infrastructure: By constructing resilient infrastructure, such as flood control systems and climate-smart buildings, the new capital can withstand the effects of climate change.
- Preserving Jakarta’s heritage: As the historic center of Indonesia, Jakarta will be able to preserve its cultural heritage and landmarks while focusing on addressing its environmental challenges.
The relocation of the capital city is a significant step towards creating a climate-resilient Indonesia. By prioritizing climate change adaptation and infrastructure development, the new capital in Nusantara will serve as a model for sustainable urban cities in the face of climate challenges.
“The relocation of the capital city is an opportunity to create a purpose-built city that can adapt and thrive in the face of climate change.” – Climate Expert
Conclusion
Jakarta’s battle against the effects of climate change exemplifies the city’s proactive approach to addressing environmental challenges. Through collaborative efforts, innovative strategies, and partnerships with organizations like C40 and ICLEI, Jakarta is actively working towards building a resilient, sustainable, and climate-resilient city.
The city’s commitment to finding climate solutions is evident in its comprehensive Jakarta Regeneration Plan. This plan encompasses a wide range of initiatives, such as addressing land subsidence, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving basic services like waste management and clean water access, and promoting community action planning for climate change mitigation.
While Jakarta’s upcoming capital relocation presents its own set of challenges, the commitment of millions of Jakarta residents to building a city that takes its environmental responsibilities seriously remains steadfast. Jakarta’s dedication to sustainable development, combined with the support and expertise of international organizations like C40 and ICLEI, positions the city as a global leader in climate action and resilience.
FAQ
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Source Links
- https://climatechampions.unfccc.int/jakarta-the-sinking-city/
- https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/9/hldwhyindonesia-is-abandoning-its-capital-jakarta-to-save-ithld
- https://www.clc.gov.sg/docs/default-source/urban-solutions/urbsol17pdf/04_opinion_jakartacanbattleclimatechange.pdf
Carlos is an environmental activist and climate change advocate with a deep-rooted passion for safeguarding our planet’s future. Born and raised in a coastal city where the impacts of climate change were visible and immediate, Carlos developed an early understanding of the fragility of our natural world. In his free time, Carlos enjoys exploring the great outdoors, whether it’s hiking in the mountains or kayaking in rivers. These experiences reinforce his connection to the natural world and his resolve to protect it. Carlos envisions a future where humanity lives in harmony with nature, and he is committed to making this vision a reality through his advocacy, dedication, and relentless pursuit of positive change.